Internal Structure of Computer
Internal Structure of Computer
A computer device is made
up of various elements which help in its effective functioning and processing.
There are five basic components of the computer which help in making this
processing of data easier and convenient.
- Input
Unit
- Output
Unit
- Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
·
Input
Unit
A computer will only respond when a command is
given to the device. These commands can be given using the input unit or the
input devices.
For example: Using a keyboard we can type things on
a Notepad and the computer processes the entered data and then displays the
output of the same of the screen.
The data entered can be in the form of numbers,
alphabet, images, etc. We enter the information using an input device, the
processing units convert it into computer understandable languages and then the
final output is received by a human-understandable language.
·
Output
Unit
When we command a computer to perform a task, it
reverts for the action performed and gives us a result. This result is called
output. There are various output devices connected to the computer. The most
basic of which is a monitor. Whatever we write using a keyboard or click using
a mouse, is all displayed on the monitor.
Thus, the output unit gives us the final result
once the entire processing is done within the mechanism of a device.
For example: when we visit an ATM, we enter our
details like language, pin, amount to be withdrawn, etc. and then the final
money which the cash dispenser releases is our outcome. In this case, the cash
dispenser acts as an output unit.
Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
The Central Processing Unit is the core of any
computer devices. It comprises three major components of the computer.
- Memory Unit
- Control Unit
- Arithmetic and Logical
Unit
·
Memory
Unit
When we enter the data into the computer using an
input device, the entered information immediately gets saved in the memory unit
of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Because of the presence of some existing
programming, the Memory Unit transmits the data further to the other parts of
the CPU.
Similarly, when the output of our command is
processed by the computer, it is saved in the memory unit before giving the
output to the user.
·
Control
Unit
This is the core unit which manages the entire
functioning of the computer device. It is one of the most essential components
of the computer system.
The Control Unit collects the data entered using
the input unit, leads it on for processing and once that is done, receives the
output and presents it to the user. It can be said to the centre of all
processing actions taking place inside a computer device.
·
Arithmetic
& Logical Unit
As the name suggests, all the mathematical
calculations or arithmetic operations are performed in the Arithmetic and Logical
Unit of the CPU.
It can also perform actions like a comparison of
data and decision-making actions. The ALU comprises circuits using which
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other numerical based
calculations can be performed.
All these three units are elements of CPU and
together help in the efficient working and processing of data. It is also known
as the “Brain of Computer” and no action can be conducted by a device without
the execution and permission of the Central Processing Unit.
The device is a close-knit circuit comparison
microprocessor which helps in fetching the data and proving suitable results to
the user. Thus, CPU is the main processing unit of the computer.
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